Which option best describes common signs of fluid volume overload?

Which option best describes common signs of fluid volume overload?

• A. Weight gain due to dehydration.
• B. Edema, decreased urine output, and acute CNS changes.
• C. Weight loss.
• D. Dizziness without edema.

Answer: (B)

Fluid volume overload means the body has too much fluid in the circulation and tissues. The most reliable clue is edema—swelling from fluid accumulation. When fluid is retained, total body weight tends to increase. If the kidneys can’t excrete the excess fluid or perfusion is reduced, urine output can fall. Fluid overload can also affect brain function, leading to acute CNS changes such as confusion or altered mental status from fluid shifts or accompanying electrolyte disturbances. The other options don’t match these patterns: dehydration shows weight loss, dizziness without edema doesn’t reflect fluid retention, and weight gain due to dehydration is conceptually inconsistent with overload signs.

Fluid volume overload means the body has too much fluid in the circulation and tissues. The most reliable clue is edema—swelling from fluid accumulation. When fluid is retained, total body weight tends to increase. If the kidneys can’t excrete the excess fluid or perfusion is reduced, urine output can fall. Fluid overload can also affect brain function, leading to acute CNS changes such as confusion or altered mental status from fluid shifts or accompanying electrolyte disturbances. The other options don’t match these patterns: dehydration shows weight loss, dizziness without edema doesn’t reflect fluid retention, and weight gain due to dehydration is conceptually inconsistent with overload signs.